Conveyor drums

Conveyor drums. Drive and Tail Drums. 2. 6. Sealed to IP65 protection and food grade as standard, they offer a compact drive for your conveyor needs. rulmeca@rulmeca. By means of bionic technology, the surface morphology of driving drum's flexible cladding was researched to increase the Belt conveyors are driven at one end by a motor, not shown, that rotates the drum to move the belt. Process the outside circle with large drum lathe to guarantee the even wall thickness. Recognising the demand for quick turnaround Drive and Tail Drums, we have engineered a process that ensures we can manufacture and dispatch a Standard Size set of drums, to RR Fisher motorised drums are a fully self contained conveyor-belt drive unit. The chain drive brings the load onto Jan 13, 2020 · 5. Our variable speed conveyor goes anywhere from 0 to 10 feet per minute, allowing you to . 279. We are the #1 choice earned through unparalleled quality, delivery and customer service. 5. Heavy Duty Chain Transfer. Available from stock in many common sizes, or custom made, Dodge Heavy Duty drum pulleys meet and/or exceed CEMA (Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association) application standards for use with conveyor belts rated up to 750 PIW (Pounds per Inch of Belt Width Conveyor Technology is a dealer of Van der Graaf Electric & Tech-Roll hydraulic drum motors, offering sales & repair services. 12 kW up to 2. Drum & Wing Pulleys | Luff Industries offers a complete line of conveyor belt parts, components and accessories to keep your conveyor belt systems running at optimal efficiency. Jul 11, 2018 · How to Assemble a Conveyor Drive Drum instructions n a few easy steps to make a cheap conveyorWhat you need is a Drive End Drum Kit which you can buy from us Used for lining the end drive and the deflecting drums of belt conveyors in order to increase the frictional connection of drums with rubber-textile or steel-cord rubber belt and protect drums from pollution, wear-out and corrosion. The DM Series combines the different motor concepts in a single design and makes it easy for customers to build their own, completely individual conveyor system. Coating. Mar 1, 1995 · This paper analyses the fatigue failure of a number of welded steel drums which were key components in a large new conveyor system for handling minerals. Lagging service also available at customers Drum Motor Conveyors. High performance, precision engineered process rolls and conveyor drums. Nov 5, 2015 · Mises stress in the conveyor drum (shaft suppressed). Usage/Application. The drive drum is driven by an electric motor through a reducer, and the conveyor belt operates based on the friction between the driving drum and Automatic gantry-style drum and tote filling machine, with auto bung-locating vision system for hands free lance placement, is designed to automatically fill 15, 30 and 55 gallon plastic or metal drums an a variety of IBC tote sizes and styles. From 0,06 to 7,5 kW with torque rate from 2 to 2000 nm. We design, manufacture & supply high spec conveyor rollers & tracking devices nationwide & are UK distributors of ATG. Can supply with shafts bossed and welded, bossed and keyed or taper locked. The RR Fisher motorised drums are available in 5 diameters: 110mm, 135mm, 160mm , 216mm & 270mm. It is critical to select the correct magnetic pulley for your operation; standard applications Canning Conveyor manufacture a large range of conveyor drums to customers specifications, at very competitive prices and on a quick delivery to suit reasonable requirements. 3555. Divide the answer from step 2 by 72 and round up. To service any industry with a conveyor demand, Applied carries conveyor pulleys in a variety of pulley types, sizes, capabilities and brands. Roller Conveyors. Martin' s heavy-duty conveyor pulley product line meets the demanding requirements of industries such as: sand and gravel quarries, coal mines, unit packaging, food processing, and recycling. Available from stock in many common sizes or custom-made, Dodge heavy-duty drum pulleys meet or exceed CEMA application standards for use with conveyor belts rated up to 750 PIW (Pounds per Inch of Belt Width) by 131 kN/m. Machined Rollers include a cylindrical shell (crowned or parallel), end discs with integral bearings supported within the shell & a captivated shaft. Follow us on Linkedin. Please fill out this form and submit. Located in an inaccessible area 90 Degree Barrel Upender. See all specifications. This technology eliminates the need for chains, sprockets, and external motors. Drums are manufactured from steel shells with closed steel end plates having shafts with either bossed and welded, bosses & keyed, weld on hub/taper lock bush, Ringfeeder For modular and monolithic conveyor belts, VDG offers the SSV Series Drum Motor with either the belt profile machined directly onto the drive drum or on an exchangeable profiled sleeve. Drum motor 80S DC. Go. They may be powered by a motor, by gravity Sep 1, 2007 · Driving drum uses friction force to transfer power in belt conveyor. Find out more about us, what we do and who we work with. 9″ diameter with 7/16″ hex axles. At NGI modern technology is combined with long-term reliability and a passion for service that is highly valued by customers. They come in various qualities, such as oil and grease resistant or suitable for food. Engineered and constructed for handling heavy drum weights in demanding duty cycles, the build A Head Drum also known as a Head Pulley or Drive Pulley are driven by mechanical means to provide movement of the conveyor belt. uk. A drum motor is a type of conveyor drive system that is self-contained and sealed within a cylindrical drum or casing. Like reversing drums, cage drums are used for tensioning and reversing the conveyor belt. At the other end of the conveyor, there is an idle drum. Rulmeca designs and manufactures high-quality drum motors to drive different types of belt conveyors used in Conveyor pulleys are critical components and failures have significant financial consequences due to extended downtime. Such a belt conveyor drum is also called an indirect oil-cooled belt conveyor drum. Conveyor drum pulleys, wing pulleys and spiral pulleys are the most common Specifications: 8″ diameter by 17″ long by 1/8″ wall HREW steel tube as drive drum. Give us a call at 1-800-884-0064 or contact us online, and let us help you find the right pulley or pulley assembly to meet your specific needs. Toscanini,1 I- 24011 Almè Bergamo. 3mm x 6. co. In addition to a lower profile, the “L” and “S” configurations of the steep incline conveyor allow it to replace multiple pieces of handling equipment; one S-type steep incline conveyor can replace two belt conveyors and a bucket elevator, significantly reducing the overall DM SERIES. 5 to 12mm. Drum motors can be cleaned and sanitized to an optimal level in less than half the time it takes to clean a typical geared motor. Canning Engineering manufacture a large range of conveyor drums to customer specifications, at very competitive prices and on a quick delivery to suit reasonable requirements. Handling drums is where it all began for PASCO in 1976. Call Stewart Handling for custom barrel handling applications and replacement parts at 800-447-5300; we’re happy to offer services for our products’ installation, maintenance, and repairs. Planetary 1-2-3 reduction gears with wide speed range. Oil-cooled. Experience unrivaled performance, improved productivity, and reduced maintenance needs. Usage Examples. The inner rail is 5″ structural angle, welded. Choose from trusted manufacturers like Emerson, Browning, Dodge and Precision Pulley & Idler, and trust Applied to deliver you top quality solutions. Cage drums have a cage consisting of steel ribs around a conical core. Belt Conveyor pulley drums are designed to be used in the bed of a conveyor as a support for the product being conveyed Crowned drums work by placing more tension on the side that is tracking to the centre. Idle rollers for light, medium and heavy unit handling conveyors in internal, normal, humid, foodstuffs and corrosive Conveyor failure reduction - A quarrying company was experiencing short service life on its conveyor tail drum take-up unit. Alternative designs have been #1180 HDCP Catalog_#1180 HDCP Catalog 12/6/12 2:49 PM Page 4 Drum Pulleys — Machined Machined Drum Pulleys — Crowned Martin's Machined Drum Pulleys are manufactured from thick wall pipe or tubing, then machined on a lathe to form the crown and ensure minimum runout in operation. Conveyor pulley is widely used in the area of material handling equipment field. Technical Drawing available. +39 035 4300 111. The belt conveyor drum/ pulley is made by large seamless steel. Please contact one of our members of staff for your requirments. These pulleys are manufactured to offer maximum protection against premature failure in harsh applications. The stress ranges in the failed drums were comparable to the fatigue strengths of welds in structural steel, as given in BS 5400: Part 10: 1980. crusher plant,Ceramic Plant,mining plant. Tennessee Branch. Affolter et al. Feb 25, 2024 · The drum that drives the conveyor belt to rotate is called the driving drum (transmission drum); The other drum that only changes the direction of conveyor belt movement is called a turnabout drum. Multiply the answer by the pulley’s width, and then add 6. Conveyor Drums (pulleys) include a cylindrical shell (crowned or parallel), end discs supported within the shell and a fixed shaft - plain or with keyway. LEARN MORE Unit / 111. Engineered with precision, our Conveyor Tapper Drum Pulley are very important components of all types of conveyors. The motor and gears operate in a sealed oil bath ensuring proper lubrication and cooling. Follow us on Facebook. Since all motors have the same shafts, the number of different parts from the original equipment manufacturer is Overview These large diameter thick walled conveyor drum rollers are designed mainly for use on Belt Conveyors as either drive or idler drums. The Model 199-CRR is a medium duty chain driven roller conveyor used for conveying in a variety of industries. Thomas Conveyor designed a custom 90° barrel conveyor and upender for handling drums and barrels on a conveyor line. 1-3/8″ Diameter by 29″ long round shaft designed to be flange-mounted bearing mounted to a conveyor drive assembly. 3. Rotation of the pulley automatically starts the cleaning action A drum motor is a one component conveyor drive where the motor, gear drive and all moving parts are enclosed inside the drum. Thickness. Energy efficiency: With a high efficiency of 90 percent, Interroll drum motors minimize energy consumption, reducing costs and Shiv Dhara. Supplied to order using the customers own specification and drawings. With no external motor, gear reducer, sprockets, chain or OSHA required chain guard, no external component maintenance is required. 9" diameter rollers are ideal for medium to heavy duty applications like drums, Give us a call at 1-800-884-0064 or contact us online, and let us help you find the right pulley or pulley assembly to meet your specific needs. Rulmeca designs and manufactures high-quality drum motors to drive different types of belt conveyors used in Sep 12, 2023 · Subscribe. com Powered Drum Conveyors. We are ready to help you with your pulley needs – whether standard or custom. / Engineering Failure Analysis 14 (2007) 1038–1052 1045 A detailed study of the stress components for each hot-spot is View Conveyor Drums. Shop a range of solutions, including rackers, palletizers, and more. Conveyor rollers are integral components used in modern conveyor systems, powered or unpowered they facilitate the movement of objects & materials, unlocking a Available in drum, self cleaning wing and Vortex™ styles Available in Mine Duty & Extreme Duty™ Series Integral End disk eliminates chance of hub weld failure Piloted langed bearing design simple to install, maintain & repair Sealed for life bearings equal less maintenance “Of the Shelf” bearing availability reduces down time and cost Sprockets for Food IndustryCut-Resistant Conveyor Belting. Find out more ». 6m/sec, Serial China Conveyor Drums wholesale - Select 2024 high quality Conveyor Drums products in best price from certified Chinese Conveyor manufacturers, Conveyor Products suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China. CONVEYOR ROLLERS. Lining plate ШТС (ТГ) (in low-combustible performance) with smooth or rhombus-shaped surface. Service for Conveyor Belt Needs. A representative will contact you soon. This construction ensures that dirt, loosened by the ribs, can be more easily removed. Pulley is heart of the bulk mining material handling. This unique design is frequently used when additional cleaning action is desired without introducing additional belt vibration. The DC motor rollers are used in zero pressure accumulation conveyor systems as well as in continuous conveyors. Call +44 (0) 1777 817000. Many of our early machines are still in operation after more than 30 years. High Spec Drums including Self-cleaning Slatted, Spiral & Deflection veined Drums & more all made to customer specification. Outer frames are 4″ structural steel channels. Get a Quote for This Product. Alternative designs have been evaluated. NBE drum discharger systems provide safe, reliable, and controlled unloading of dry bulk materials from steel, plastic, or fiber drums into processing operations such as material conveyors, size reduction equipment, or bulk storage systems. This considerably decreases cleaning time and cost for conveyor operators. Use flame cutting machine to precisely cut. In a few steps to. All empty drum escapements are air Conveyor Fasteners. 33mm x 8mm ø25mm, ø30mm, ø1 1/4″, ø35mm, ø38mm & PL18336 to PL18341 – 5 off – 0. There are four classes of drum pulleys: Heavy Duty, Mine Duty, Quarry Duty, and Engineered Class. Supports are 4″ structural channels welded to the frames. Speed: 3,048 mm/min - 30,480 mm/min. 1. Due to the highest standards of hygiene, our drum motors can become an advantageous solution for food and pharmaceutical industries. Each lane has a powered roller for pull empty drums across the thresh hold. Now the UK’s leading name in the design and manufacture of precision engineered process rolls and conveyor pulleys and drums, Wm Hardill Sons & Co Ltd is an eighth generation family company with its roots firmly in the twenty first century. We will help you to be an innovator in your industry! NGI DriveTech develops, produces, and sells drum motors and roller drives that are based on the Call 1-888-349-5833. Our range of Drums can be manufactured in a variety of materials including Stainless Steel, Polypropylene. The 36-CRRH is for conveying heavy pallets and drums. Sort By. Design your next generation of conveyor systems with our drum motors. Thank you for filling out our Pulley Quote Request form. This all-stainless conveyor system was built for handling 55 gallon steel drums filled with a liquid food additive. This low-maintenance conveyor utilizes a geared motor hermetically sealed inside a steel cylindrical tube. Updated Last April 14, 2021 RollerDrive is designed to drive roller and belt conveyors. Divide the pulley’s diameter (in inches) by 2. 349. Magnetic pulleys are used for reliable ferrous metal recovery in a wide variety of industries such as recycling, aggregate, and waste recovery operations. About Specdrum. All rollers are 1. In simple two-pulley conveyors with defined running direction it is usually the head pulley that is the driving pulley. - Installation of the drums on the infeed conveyor - The drums are directed gravitarily towards the emptying area - The first drum is placed against the positioning stops; rubber buffers allow the drum to be accommodated without impact - Once the drum is positioned, the operator can start the turning cycle. Drum Pulleys. Contact. Conveyor Systems are mechanical devices or assemblies that transport material with minimal effort. These unpowered (gravity-flow) conveyors use a downward slope or a manual push to move loads down the line. It consists of an electric motor, a gear reducer, and a drive pulley, all of which are contained within the drum. GCS Conveyor Drum Pulleys are designed to be used in belt conveyor systems as drives, to redirect, to provide tension, or to help track the conveyor belt. Follow us on Instagram. Drum motor 113C. With conveyor aspect ratio (conveyor length to belt width) in excess of about 5 to 1 and in installations with reversing operations, it is advisable to crown both, head pulley and Rulmeca Drum motors is the ideal system for the drive of belt conveyors. Each drum consisted of a cylindrical shell carried on a solid circular shaft. Conveyor pulleys are critical components and failures have significant financial consequences due to extended downtime. The primary advantage of drum motors is that they are compact and can be easily integrated into conveyor systems. The rugged 1. High Accuracy Net Weight Filling. Belt conveyor is the main equipment for successively transporting bulk material, drum design level and steady movement are related to the entire conveyer system security and reliability Full drum accumulation conveyors can be built in single, double, or triple lane widths. Practice-oriented, scalable, and thought out in detail. 55kW Motors, 2710RPM, 50Hz - GBP: £75 each. Drum Manufacture Video. Top fill, sub-fill and bottom fill modes. We are proud to be a 100% employee-owned company! Browse our: AGGREGATE AND SAND PRODUCTION PROJECTS PARCEL, WAREHOUSING, DISTRIBUTION AND horizontal for drums chain drive. com. Contact our Engineering Department for further details and visit to view, on 01909 486166 / sales@canningconveyor. Drive drums can also be covered, supplied and installed by us in no time. Belt conveyors are typically used for transporting, proportioning, feeding, discharging, and metering bulk solid materials. Ch. The 4-inch dust port connects easily to the collection system of your choice to minimize cleanup during operation. Follow us on YouTube. Conveyor head pulleys can be flat faced or crowned and many have lagging to reduce belt slippage. This roller system was designed to handle 450 lb steel, fiber or poly drums. Choose these sprockets when you need to expand your Ammeraal Beltech MPB conveyor line or replace its worn sprockets. This principle has been used for many years in power transmission as well as conveyor belt systems. Automate conveyor transfers for large, heavy loads with a chain driven transfer. A Drive Pulley or Head Pulley is used for the purpose of driving a conveyor belt. 2 kW. 5-amp motor rotates the 10-by-5-inch sanding drum up to 24 times per second, moving the sandpaper at a speed of 2300 feet per minute. The main components of conveyor pulley are shaft, drum or shell, end disk or diaphragm plates, locking elements, end disk, lagging and bearing assemblies. Precision Pulley & Idler (PPI) is a provider of high performance and innovative conveyor products and solutions. Via A. Each drum coming from the filler operation weighs 450 lbs. The Model 36-CRRH is a heavy-duty chain driven roller conveyor. The barrel upender features a two post cradle which allows the drums to be rolled into an upright position for loading and transport. We offer a wide range of chain guides, sprockets, take-up drums, and more. Our program consists of synthetic drum coverings, rubber drum coverings and ceramic drum coverings. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Australis has been in the business of designing and manufacturing conveyor systems since 1983. Weld the pulley inner disc with professional welding machine . Its tough, rugged design provides service under demanding manufacturing operations. Conveyor pulleys are used for different purposes than conveyor pulleys. Dodge heavy-duty and mine-duty extra (MDX) drum pulleys deliver high performance and are available when you need them. We are backed by over 20 years of experience in materials handling industry. 9" rollers that allow for up to 15 pounds of capacity per roller. The unit works with drums and barrels of all types and sizes, empty Accumulation lanes are all gravity roller conveyors. Model CDLR19 is a chain driven live roller conveyor that offers a positive drive for handling heavier loads. Drum motor 80S-SMP. With the Axis brand, Southquip Industrial will strive to become the widely recognised brand in the New Zealand and Australia drum motor market by offering a quality range of products which to keep conveyor belts running for longer To Order: Check the chart or follow the 4 steps below to determine how many strips and retainers you’ll need to cover your pulley. While VDG will continue to provide replacements for both modular belt drive drum motors and sprockets, the new generation, all-stainless steel SSV Series Drum PASCO Drum Conveyor System - System was designed to transfer empty drums to a filling station. Make Enquiry. Douglas® pulleys are manufactured in the USA. A great aspect of the Custom Conveyor Drum Manufacture - Online Quote Enquiry Specification Form is that once you submit your Quote Enquiry via email to a SpeedyDrums Account Manager, the specification you have entered will automatically create a Technical Drawing pdf which you will be able to download immediately – for your own reference. 888. Conveyor systems are one of our core capabilities and we bring you an enviable track-record of providing successful conveying solutions to most of Australia’s largest manufacturing brands in the FMCG, Medical, Pharmaceutical, Automotive, Industrial, Hazardous Substance, Government High performance: Our Drum Motors are crafted with the latest technology, ensuring seamless integration into your conveyor systems. All solid Drums have the availability to be Rubber Covered in Plain & Diamond Hot Lagged, Ceramic & Slide Lagging. There is a certain amount of cooling oil in the belt conveyor drum, as the drum keeps rotating, the oil scraper on the drum continuously pours Via A. Call us at (800) 847-1726. Drums are manufactured from steel shells with closed steel end plates having shafts with either bossed and welded, bossed and keyed, weld on hub/taper lock brush Mar 1, 1995 · An elastic analysis showed that high cyclic bending stresses were produced at the plate-boss welds when the drums were loaded by the tension in the conveyor belt. v. Coating the drive drum has many advantages. Available 157 products. Choose from our selection of conveyor pulleys, including steel pulleys, rubber-coated pulleys, and more. Upgrade your car wash equipment today! SpeedyDrums is a specialist in the design and manufacture of Conveyor Drive and Tail Pulleys. Drums are manufactured from steel shells with closed steel end plates having shafts with either bossed and welded, bossed and keyed, weld on hub/taper lock brush Apr 14, 2021 · Conveyor Drums C-Trak can provide your Conveyor Drums. Magnetic Head Pulleys are used to continuously extract tramp metal from conveyor belt systems. Conveyor Pulleys. We are a stockist of the Universal type Returns Rollers and Troughing Idler sets but can also supply to the customers own drawings. All structural steel channel frames and supports are welded. Drive drum is spirally wound with glued and riveted highly durable rough top belting for exceptional grip with the conveyor drive belt. Feel free to call us at 513-821-7259 or toll free at 1-800-486-2472. A Tail Drum also known as a Tail Pulley is located at the opposite end of the conveyor belt to the head drum. Provides shaft speed from 0,1 to 400 r/min within power range. This includes assembly, technical advice, training and – more and more frequently – belt monitoring as well. the right product! Find a solution that perfectly fits your needs. 5833. 4. Roller conveyors consist of rollers that are mounted on a series of axles attached to rigid or telescoping frames. Specification Tube Size Spindle Option 114. VAT number: IT00222830168 Share capital: € 13,000,000 i. They provide a direction of rotation for the conveyor belt and can also be used as a SPIRAL DRUM CONVEYOR PULLEY The PPI Spiral Drum pulley is formed by a pair of vertical steel bars helically wound around a Heavy Duty Drum (HDD) pulley. Idle rollers for light weight unit handling conveyors in normal, food, humid and corrosive environments. From historical foundations Cage drums. Country of Origin: US. 19-38 Drum Sander. Drum handling and palletizing machines were our first products, and to this day no other company in North America comes close to our track record of success in handling drums of all sizes. It is designed in cylindrical-conical shape. Perfect for the small shop or woodworking enthusiast, the SuperMax® 19-38 Drum Sander reduces the tedium of hand sanding, speeds up the sanding process, and produces more consistent results! The 19-38 features INTELLISAND™ technology, which prevents surface burns and gouges by automatically controlling the conveyor speed Purpose Large-scale belt-conveyor systems are extensively used in open mines to continuously transport bulk material. The shell was Call Stewart Handling for custom barrel handling applications and replacement parts at 800-447-5300; we’re happy to offer services for our products’ installation, maintenance, and repairs. Would you like to know more about our conveyor rollers, drums and drum coverings A Head Drum also known as a Head Pulley or Drive Pulley are driven by mechanical means to provide movement of the conveyor belt. PL18054 – 1 off – 22kW MOTORISED DRIVE DRUM RULMECA, 630mm DIA x 950mm FACE, c/w Ceramic Lagging & synthetic oil, Belt Speed 1. They provide a direction of rotation for the conveyor belt and can also be used as a The 10. 6m/sec, Serial Conveyor Systems. Straight and curve sections are available in overall widths of 18", 24", and 30". We also provide other conveyor accesories including Adjustable Feet. Conveyor belt systems and the right service from Continental, facilitate efficient processes and transportation procedures in all industries. They are normally mounted in external type bearings and driven by a motor and reducer. This creates a curve in the belt which allows the belt to “climb” the pulley drum taper, centring itself. Continental offers a comprehensive service. The Pax Model DMC “Drum Motor” Conveyor is designed for removing parts and scrap from dies. 3mm ø25mm, ø30mm, ø1 1/4″, ø35mm, ø38mm & ø40mm 168. Find high-quality conveyor parts and accessories at Sonny's. Aug 2, 2017 · Utilizing a drum motor will eliminate the opportunity for food byproducts to get trapped, decreasing the potential for bacterial contamination. Competitive airfreight shipping to any country or we can work with your forwarders to deliver our products. Dodge Heavy Duty and Mine Duty Extra (MDX) drum pulleys deliver high performance and are available when you need them. Specdrum is one of the world's largest suppliers of conveyor pulleys, with manufacturing facilities in Ireland and China producing in excess of 50,000 pulleys annually. While there are many different kinds of conveyor systems, they usually consist of a frame that supports either rollers, wheels, or a belt, upon which materials move from one place to another. In stock and ready to ship. Calgary (Head Office) 403. Model 190-NSP is a medium-duty live roller conveyor using 1. Power ratings are from 0. Filled drums then proceeded to a PASCO Series 4000 Drum Palle The air-cooled motorized pulley for conveyor belt has 2 types: forced air cooling & natural air cooling. Weld the shaft sleeve and disc with the positioner. These are manufactured from high grade material of production and tested thoroughly for performance levels and longevity of service life. LEARN MORE Unit / 117. One drum diverter is fixed, all others are air cylinder operated. Ontario Branch. PL18336 to PL18341 – 5 off – 0. Jan 1, 2008 · Abstract. Aiming at increasing their durability, two critical spots are identified: the drum and the welds between end-plates and drum. The chart above illustrates the distance/length requirement for the level of incline on an inclined conveyor. The shaft projected beyond both ends of the shell, and was supported in self-aligning bearings. Two drums are conveyed in tandem throughout the system because they will be picked-up by the fork truck in pairs. Drum handling equipment can easily lift, pour, or move industrial barrels and drums. Areas of Conveyor pulley is widely used in the area of material handling equipment field. to fu xx tw fr ua ot gc fh km